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Gnats vs. fruit flies - what’s the difference?

Learn the key differences between gnats and fruit flies

Quick comparison: fruit fly vs. gnat

  • Fungus gnats are slender and dark
  • Fruit flies are small, rounded, and often red-eyed
  • Fungus gnats are found on damp houseplant soil; fruit flies in overripe fruit
  • Gnats hover near plants and windows
  • Fruit flies cluster near food waste and kitchen drains

The difference between gnats and fruit flies

They're both tiny, both annoying, and both seem to appear out of nowhere — but gnats and fruit flies are different insects with different habits and different breeding sites.

Gnats

Fungus gnats are one of the most common types of gnats found indoors. You’ll most often find them near houseplants, since that's where they breed. 

  • Appearance Slender, dark grey to black body, roughly half an inch long, with long legs and antennae; wings are held flat over the body at rest, giving them a similar silhouette to a tiny mosquito
  • Habitat Damp potting soil in houseplants and potted herbs; also found near compost bins, overwatered garden beds, and damp mulch
  • Behavior Weak fliers that hover near soil or flutter toward light sources; larvae feed on fungi and organic matter in soil and can damage plant roots in large numbers
  • Risks Not a health risk, but can damage houseplants if populations build up; adults are mostly a nuisance indoors

Fruit flies

Fruit flies are small, rounded flies,  usually fast movers, and tend to hover near food sources rather than resting on surfaces. 

  • Appearance Small, rounded body roughly one-eighth of an inch long, tan to yellowish-brown, with distinctive red eyes; wings are held slightly out from the body at rest
  • Habitat Overripe or rotting fruit, fermenting liquids, food waste, kitchen drains, recycling bins, and compost
  • Behavior Active during the day; hover near food sources and fermenting matter and reproduce rapidly, with populations building quickly if breeding sites aren't removed
  • Risks Not known to bite, but can contaminate food if left unchecked

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Signs of an infestation

Fungus gnats tend to hover near houseplants or flutter toward windows, especially in rooms with overwatered plants. Running your hand over damp potting soil and disturbing a small cloud of flies is a strong indicator of a breeding site. 

Fruit flies, on the other hand, cluster near food sources, like hovering around a fruit bowl, a recycling bin, or an open bottle of wine. Because fruit flies reproduce quickly, a handful can turn into a noticeable swarm within a week or two.

Prevention tips

Cutting off access to food and breeding sites is the most effective way to keep both pests at bay. 

  • Avoid overwatering houseplants to keep gnats at bay
  • Store fruit in the refrigerator or in sealed containers, especially during warmer months
  • Empty and clean recycling bins regularly, and keep lids on compost containers
  • Clean kitchen drains periodically to remove the organic residue
  • Check any new houseplants or bags of potting soil for signs of gnat activity before bringing them indoors

If gnats or fruit flies keep coming back despite your best efforts, our pest control services can help.

Frequently asked questions

No, gnats and fruit flies are different insects. The term "gnat" covers several small fly species, including fungus gnats, which breed in damp soil. Fruit flies are a distinct species that breed near fermenting food and organic waste.

Fungus gnats tend to hover around houseplants and moist soil, while fruit flies are drawn to overripe fruit, drains, and food waste.

Drain flies and fruit flies are more than a nuisance. Our technicians identify the source of the infestation and treat it at the source.

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